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Muscle Activity during Passive and Active Movements in Preterm and Full-Term Infants.

Irina Y Dolinskaya1,2, Irina A Solopova1, Dmitry S Zhvansky1

  • 1Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia.

Biology
|May 27, 2023
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Summary

Muscle tone development in preterm infants was studied using passive stretching and shortening responses. Early months showed altered responses, suggesting sensorimotor network changes in preterm infants.

Keywords:
early developmentmuscle tonepassive movementspreterm infantsshortening reactionspontaneous movementsstretch response

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Motor control
  • Infant physiology

Background:

  • Muscle tone is crucial for movement and development.
  • Preterm infants may exhibit distinct muscular development patterns compared to full-term infants.
  • Early muscle reactions offer insights into sensorimotor network maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate early muscle tone manifestations in preterm infants.
  • To compare muscle responses to passive stretching (StR) and shortening (ShR) in preterm vs. full-term infants.
  • To investigate age-related changes in muscle tone during the first year of life.

Main Methods:

  • Measured muscle responses (StR and ShR) in upper and lower limbs of preterm infants (0-12 months corrected age).
  • Compared findings with data from full-term infants.
  • Assessed spontaneous muscle activity during limb movements in a subgroup.

Main Results:

  • Frequent StR and ShR observed in both preterm and full-term infants.
  • Responses noted in non-primary muscles during passive movements.
  • Age-related reduction in sensorimotor responses suggests decreasing excitability and developing muscle tone.
  • Preterm infants showed alterations in early months, possibly due to sensorimotor network excitability changes.

Conclusions:

  • Early muscle reactions provide insights into muscle tone development.
  • Preterm infants exhibit distinct temporal patterns in sensorimotor responses.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic nature of sensorimotor network maturation in the first year of life.