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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission
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Structural Basis of PE_PGRS Polymorphism, a Tool for Functional Modulation.

Eliza Kramarska1, Flavio De Maio2, Giovanni Delogu3,4

  • 1Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Biomolecules
|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The PE_PGRS protein family in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) shows high polymorphism, impacting Mtb evolution and pathogenesis. Structural analysis reveals how these variations influence Mtb fitness and dissemination.

Keywords:
PE_PGRSpolymorphismprotein structuretuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The PE_PGRS protein family is unique to pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).
  • Polymorphism in their PGRS domains is linked to antigenic variation and pathogen survival.
  • Understanding these domains is crucial for Mtb pathogenesis and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional impact of PE_PGRS protein polymorphism in Mtb.
  • To correlate structural variations with Mtb strain fitness and dissemination.
  • To explore the role of polymorphism in Mtb evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized AlphaFold2.0 for protein structure modeling.
  • Performed phylogenetic and frequency analyses of protein sequences.
  • Conducted antigenic predictions and correlated structural impacts with observed phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Modeled polymorphic variants of PE_PGRS33, predicting the structural effects of mutations.
  • Correlated predicted structures with observed variant frequencies and phenotypic traits.
  • Identified specific PE_PGRS variants associated with Mtb evolution and enhanced fitness.

Conclusions:

  • Structural impacts of PE_PGRS33 polymorphism are described, linking them to Mtb strain fitness.
  • Specific protein variants are associated with bacterial evolution, suggesting gain-of-function roles.
  • Polymorphism in PE_PGRS proteins plays a significant role in Mtb evolution and dissemination.