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Automated Midline Shift and Intracranial Pressure Estimation based on Brain CT Images

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Imaging Markers for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: An Overview.

Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis^1,2, Georgios Velonakis³, Sokratis G Papageorgiou¹

¹1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, Greece.

|May 27, 2023

Summary

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a reversible neurological condition. This review highlights key imaging markers crucial for accurate iNPH diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:

idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus imaging markers

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological syndrome characterized by Hakim's triad: cognitive impairment, gait disturbances, and urinary incontinence.
Early and accurate diagnosis of iNPH is critical due to its potentially reversible nature.
Ventricular system dilation is a primary imaging characteristic of iNPH, with specific parameters included in diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and describe the most significant imaging markers used in the assessment of iNPH.
To elucidate the role of these imaging markers in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of iNPH.
To explore the potential prognostic value of imaging markers in iNPH.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of neuroimaging studies related to iNPH.
Analysis of various imaging modalities employed for iNPH assessment.
Identification and description of established and emerging imaging markers.

Main Results:

Multiple imaging modalities and numerous markers exist for iNPH evaluation.
Key imaging findings include ventricular enlargement and specific patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and brain tissue changes.
The review synthesizes information on the diagnostic utility of various imaging parameters.

Conclusions:

Imaging markers play a vital role in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of iNPH.
Understanding these markers aids clinicians in managing this potentially reversible neurological condition.
Further research into novel imaging techniques may enhance iNPH detection and management.