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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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G-Quadruplexes in Nuclear Biomolecular Condensates.

Iuliia Pavlova1,2, Mikhail Iudin1,2, Anastasiya Surdina1

  • 1Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia.

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|May 27, 2023
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Summary

G-quadruplexes (G4s) act as scaffolds for nuclear biomolecular condensates, influencing gene expression and chromatin. This review explores G4s

Keywords:
G-quadruplexchromatin structureliquid–liquid phase separationmembraneless condensates

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes (G4s) are known to regulate cytoplasmic processes and are implicated in pathogenic condensates.
  • The role of G4s in nuclear biomolecular condensate formation and function is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for G-quadruplex-dependent assembly of nuclear biomolecular condensates.
  • To discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying G4 involvement in phase transitions.
  • To explore the therapeutic implications of targeting G4s in relation to nuclear condensates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on G-quadruplexes and biomolecular condensates.
  • Analysis of interactome data to understand the molecular basis of G4-condensate interactions.
  • Discussion of assay limitations and open questions in the field.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence supports G4-dependent condensate assembly at various nuclear sites, including telomeres, transcription start sites, nucleoli, speckles, and paraspeckles.
  • G4s appear to play a permissive role in in vitro condensate formation.
  • G4-stabilizing molecules can affect nuclear biomolecular condensates.

Conclusions:

  • G-quadruplexes are increasingly recognized as key regulators of nuclear biomolecular condensate formation and function.
  • Understanding G4-condensate interactions is crucial for evaluating the prospects and risks of G4-targeting therapies.