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Hematological Changes in Gas Station Workers.

Isabela Giardini1, Katia Soares da Poça1,2, Paula Vieira Baptista da Silva1

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Occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) in gas station workers is linked to early hematological changes like leukocytosis and lymphopenia, highlighting the need for vigilant health monitoring.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Toxicology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) are gasoline components.
  • Occupational exposure to benzene can cause benzene poisoning, an occupational disease.
  • This study investigates BTX exposure and hematological changes in gas station workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate signs and symptoms related to occupational exposure in gas station workers.
  • To determine if occupational exposure to BTX is associated with hematological changes.
  • To assess the health status of gas station workers through clinical and hematological monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional epidemiological study of 542 participants (324 gas station workers, 218 office workers).
  • Biomarkers used: trans,trans-Muconic acid (tt-MA), Hippuric acid (HA), and Methylhippuric acid (MHA).
  • Data collected via questionnaires and serial blood sample analysis for hematological parameters.

Main Results:

  • Gas station workers showed elevated tt-MA, HA, and MHA levels compared to office workers.
  • Common symptoms in gas station workers included somnolence, headache, and dizziness.
  • Hematological analysis revealed elevated total leukocyte counts and low lymphocyte counts (leukocytosis and lymphopenia) in some workers.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational exposure to BTX is associated with initial changes in hematological parameters.
  • Findings underscore the importance of monitoring clinical and subclinical health changes in exposed workers.
  • Regular health surveillance is crucial for gas station workers and similar occupational groups.