Core-Shell Structured Silica-Coated Iron Nanowires Composites for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties

In this study, we successfully prepared core-shell heterostructured nanocomposites (Fe NWs@SiO₂), with ferromagnetic nanowires (Fe NWs) as the core and silica (SiO₂) as the shell. The composites exhibited enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption and oxidation resistance and were synthesized using a simple liquid-phase hydrolysis reaction. We tested and analyzed the microwave absorption properties of Fe NWs@SiO₂ composites with varied filling rates (mass fractions of 10 wt%, 30 wt%, and 50 wt% after mixing with paraffin). The results showed that the sample filled with 50 wt% had the best comprehensive performance. At the matching thickness of 7.25 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL) could reach -54.88 dB at 13.52 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL < -10 dB) could reach 2.88 GHz in the range of 8.96-17.12 GHz. Enhanced microwave absorption performance of the core-shell structured Fe NWs@SiO₂ composites could be attributed to the magnetic loss of the composite, the core-shell heterogeneous interface polarization effect, and the small-scale effect induced by the one-dimensional structure. Theoretically, this research provided Fe NWs@SiO₂ composites with highly absorbent and antioxidant core-shell structures for future practical applications.