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Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19

Georgii Gudima1, Ilya Kofiadi1,2, Igor Shilovskiy1

  • 1NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 27, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Antiviral drug development for COVID-19 is crucial due to evolving SARS-CoV-2 strains. This review covers existing and novel antiviral therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides, demonstrating their effectiveness against diverse viral variants.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Background:

  • Initial COVID-19 response prioritized vaccine development.
  • Increasing knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 biology and declining vaccine efficacy against new strains shifted focus to antiviral therapies.
  • Growing clinical experience with COVID-19 pharmacotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of various antiviral therapies for COVID-19.
  • To summarize the current status of these drugs in relation to clinical guidelines.
  • To introduce innovative antisense oligonucleotide therapies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published clinical data on safety and efficacy of COVID-19 antivirals.
  • Analysis of drugs acting at different stages of the viral life cycle.
  • Inclusion of both established and novel therapeutic approaches, including antisense oligonucleotides.

Main Results:

  • Clinical data on safety and efficacy of plasma-derived therapies, monoclonal antibodies, interferons, fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, and protease inhibitors are summarized.
  • The review details the current standing of these treatments according to official COVID-19 treatment guidelines.
  • Innovative antisense oligonucleotides targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Current antiviral drugs effectively target a broad spectrum of emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.
  • Antiviral therapies provide a reliable defense against COVID-19.
  • Continued research and development in antiviral drug discovery are essential for managing the pandemic.
Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2antisense oligonucleotidesantiviral therapyconvalescent plasmafusion inhibitorsmonoclonal antibodiesnucleoside analogsprotease inhibitorssiRNA

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