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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

232

Nephroprotective Properties of Antidiabetic Drugs

Christian Gerdes1, Nicolle Müller1, Gunter Wolf1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 27, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Novel antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), offer significant kidney protection in diabetes. These drugs slow chronic kidney disease progression and reduce cardiovascular risks.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases morbidity and mortality, particularly cardiovascular (CV) causes, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • Diabetes itself elevates CV risk and exacerbates CKD development and progression.
  • Effective management of CKD, including slowing its progression, is crucial alongside glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nephroprotective effects of novel antidiabetic medications.
  • To discuss the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) in managing CKD in patients with and without DM.
  • To highlight current guideline recommendations for using these agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cardiovascular outcome trials and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of data on the impact of SGLT2-I and GLP1-RA on renal outcomes.
  • Discussion of nephroprotective properties of other antidiabetic agents.

Main Results:

  • GLP1-RA demonstrated a reduction in macroalbuminuria risk.
  • SGLT2-I showed a reduced risk of declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and have shown benefits even in non-diabetic individuals.
  • Both SGLT2-I and GLP1-RA are recommended for patients with DM, CKD, and/or increased CV risk.

Conclusions:

  • Novel antidiabetic drugs, SGLT2-I and GLP1-RA, provide significant kidney protection beyond glucose lowering.
  • These agents are vital in managing CKD progression and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
  • The review also considers nephroprotective aspects of other antidiabetic medications.

Keywords:
GLP1 receptor agonistsSGLT2 inhibitorsalbuminuriaantidiabetic drugschronic kidney diseasediabetes mellituseGFRnephroprotectiontreatment

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