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Related Concept Videos

Deflection of a Beam01:19

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Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
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Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...
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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

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To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

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Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
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Multiple-Beam Steering Using Graphene-Based Coding Metasurfaces.

Bin Zheng1, Xin Rao1, Yuyu Shan1

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.

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|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel graphene-based coding metasurface for beam reconfigurable millimeter wave antennas. This new method controls antenna states via graphene impedance, enabling advanced wireless communication applications.

Keywords:
antennabeam manipulationcoding metasurfacesgraphene

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetic wave manipulation
  • Metasurface technology
  • Graphene applications in antennas

Background:

  • Coding metasurfaces are crucial for controlling electromagnetic waves in advanced wireless systems.
  • Graphene's tunable conductivity makes it ideal for reconfigurable antennas and steerable coded states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel graphene-based coding metasurface (GBCM) for beam reconfigurable millimeter wave (MMW) antennas.
  • To demonstrate a new method of manipulating coding states through graphene's sheet impedance, bypassing the need for bias voltage.

Main Methods:

  • Design and simulation of a simple structured beam reconfigurable MMW antenna utilizing a GBCM.
  • Implementation and testing of various coding sequences: dual-, quad-, single-beam generation, 30° beam deflection, and random coding for radar cross-section reduction.

Main Results:

  • Graphene-based coding metasurfaces show significant potential for MMW manipulation.
  • The proposed method successfully demonstrates beam reconfigurability and radar cross-section reduction using graphene impedance control.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene is a highly promising material for developing advanced MMW antenna systems.
  • The developed GBCM technology lays the groundwork for future development and fabrication of sophisticated metasurface devices.