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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Co-Crystallization between Aliphatic Polyesters through Co-Inclusion Complexation with Small Molecule.

Jia-Yao Chen1, Xue-Wen Zhang2, Tian-Yu Wu1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an inclusion complex method to enhance co-crystallization in polymer blends like poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene adipate) (PBA). This approach overcomes thermodynamic challenges, leading to improved material properties and controlled crystal structures.

Keywords:
blendco-crystalinclusion complexpolyesterthermal property

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Crystalline polymer blends offer advantages in creating novel polymeric materials.
  • Thermodynamic control of co-crystallization in blends is challenging due to preferential self-crystallization.
  • Existing methods struggle to achieve uniform co-crystallization, limiting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate an inclusion complex approach for facilitating co-crystallization between crystalline polymers.
  • To investigate the co-crystallization behavior of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) using urea as a host.
  • To analyze the structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymer blends.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of co-inclusion complexes using poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), and urea.
  • Preparation of coalesced PBS/PBA blends by rapid removal of the urea host.
  • Systematic characterization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR).

Main Results:

  • Poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) chains were successfully co-crystallized into poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) extended-chain crystals, a phenomenon not observed in simple blends.
  • The co-crystallized content of PBA increased with its initial feeding ratio, leading to a decrease in the melting point of PBS crystals.
  • PBA chains acted as defects, inducing lattice expansion along the a-axis, and were partially extractable with tetrahydrofuran (THF), indicating crystal damage.

Conclusions:

  • Co-inclusion complexation with small molecules like urea is an effective strategy to promote co-crystallization in polymer blends.
  • The inclusion complex approach overcomes kinetic and thermodynamic barriers, enabling controlled co-crystallization of otherwise immiscible crystalline polymers.
  • This method provides a pathway for designing advanced polymer materials with tailored crystalline structures and properties.