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The Involvement of Neutrophil in the Immune Dysfunction Associated with BVDV Infection
Karim Abdelsalam1,2, Radhey S Kaushik3, Christopher Chase2
1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2023
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) impairs neutrophil function through macrophage-secreted factors. Cytopathic BVDV strains specifically reduce nitric oxide and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, impacting bovine immunity.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Immunology
- Virology
- Cellular Immunology
Background:
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes immune dysfunction, leading to secondary bacterial infections in cattle.
- The precise mechanisms behind BVDV-induced immune suppression remain unclear.
- Macrophages play a critical role in immune responses and can be infected by BVDV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of factors secreted by BVDV-infected macrophages in immune dysfunction.
- To determine how these secreted factors affect neutrophil function.
- To differentiate the effects based on BVDV biotypes.
Main Methods:
- Supernatants from BVDV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were collected.
- Neutrophil functions, including L-selectin and CD18 expression, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, nitric oxide production, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) induction, were assessed.
- Effects were compared between non-cytopathic (np) and cytopathic (cp) BVDV strains.
Main Results:
- BVDV-infected MDM supernatants downregulated neutrophil L-selectin and CD18 expression.
- Phagocytic activity and oxidative burst were reduced by supernatants from both cp and np BVDV-infected MDMs.
- Nitric oxide production and NET induction were specifically downregulated by supernatants from cp BVDV-infected MDMs.
Conclusions:
- Factors secreted by BVDV-infected macrophages contribute to neutrophil immune dysfunction.
- The immunosuppressive effects on neutrophils, particularly concerning nitric oxide and NETs, are specific to the cytopathic biotype of BVDV.
- This finding is significant as most modified live BVDV vaccines utilize cytopathic strains.
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