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Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Karolina Dżaman1, Katarzyna Czerwaty1
1Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
It is estimated that there are over 890,000 new cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) worldwide each year, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer cases. Current treatment options for HNSCC often cause significant side effects and functional impairments, thus there is a challenge to discover more acceptable treatment technologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be utilized for HNSCC treatment in several ways, for example, for drug delivery, immune modulation, as biomarkers for diagnostics, gene therapy, or tumor microenvironment modulation. This systematic review summarizes new knowledge regarding these options. Articles published up to 11 December 2022, were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Only full-text original research papers written in English were considered eligible for analysis. The quality of studies was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies, modified for the needs of this review. Of 436 identified records, 18 were eligible and included. It is important to note that the use of EVs as a treatment for HNSCC is still in the early stages of research, so we summarized information on challenges such as EV isolation, purification, and standardization of EV-based therapies in HNSCC.
Insights
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by aiding drug delivery and modulating the tumor microenvironment. However, research is early, facing challenges in EV isolation and standardization for HNSCC therapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biotechnology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects over 890,000 individuals globally each year.
- Current HNSCC treatments present significant side effects and functional deficits, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the emerging applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment.
- To summarize current knowledge on using EVs for drug delivery, immune modulation, diagnostics, gene therapy, and tumor microenvironment modulation in HNSCC.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to December 11, 2022.
- Included were full-text original research papers in English. Study quality was assessed using a modified OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool.
- 18 out of 436 identified records were eligible for inclusion.
Main Results:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer diverse therapeutic potentials for HNSCC, including targeted drug delivery and immune system modulation.
- The review highlights the early stage of EV research for HNSCC, identifying key challenges in EV isolation, purification, and standardization.
Conclusions:
- EVs represent a promising frontier for innovative HNSCC therapies, though significant research hurdles remain.
- Standardization of EV isolation and therapeutic protocols is crucial for clinical translation in HNSCC treatment.
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