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How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae?
Carolina Baroni1, Jorge Potito1, María Eugenia Perticone1
1Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, Argentina.
Long COVID can cause persistent respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological issues. Severity of initial COVID-19 illness increases long COVID risk, impacting multiple organ systems.
Area of Science:
- Medical Sciences
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Cardiology
- Gastroenterology
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- COVID-19 has a prolonged course in a significant number of patients.
- Understanding the long-term consequences of COVID-19 is crucial for patient management.
- Recent literature highlights various organ system dysfunctions post-COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a narrative review of recent publications (last 3 years) on long COVID sequelae.
- To synthesize clinical evidence on signs, symptoms, and diagnostic findings in prolonged COVID-19.
- To focus on respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric complications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the involvement of major organic functions.
- Systematic search of English-language publications.
- Utilized PubMed/MEDLINE database for study retrieval.
Main Results:
- Long-term respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric dysfunction are common.
- Pulmonary involvement is most frequent; cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological/psychiatric issues also prevalent.
- Vaccination does not prevent long COVID but can occur in vaccinated individuals.
Conclusions:
- Increased severity of initial COVID-19 illness correlates with higher risk of long COVID.
- Pulmonary sequelae, cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal RNA detection, and neurological symptoms can be refractory.
- Comprehensive evaluation and management are needed for long COVID patients.
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