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Related Concept Videos

Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
7.0K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
23.4K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.0K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

5.6K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

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Overview
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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True-to-scale DNA-density maps correlate with major accessibility differences between active and inactive chromatin.

Márton Gelléri1, Shih-Ya Chen1, Barbara Hübner2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.

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|May 27, 2023
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Summary

Chromatin

Keywords:
ANCCP: Molecular biologyESIINCSMLMVoronoi tessellationactive and inactive nuclear compartmentselectron spectroscopic imagingmicroinjected nanobeadsquantitative image analysissingle molecule localization microscopytrue-to-scale DNA density maps

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chromatin compaction influences macromolecule accessibility to DNA.
  • Conventional microscopy suggests minor differences between active (ANC) and inactive (INC) nuclear compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map nuclear landscapes with true-to-scale DNA densities.
  • To investigate macromolecular assembly accessibility in different nuclear compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) for high-resolution DNA density mapping.
  • Electron spectroscopic imaging.
  • Microinjection of fluorescent nanobeads into living cell nuclei.

Main Results:

  • Revealed true-to-scale DNA densities ranging from <5 to >300 Mbp/μm³.
  • Demonstrated localization and movement of transcription assemblies within the ANC.
  • Showed exclusion of assemblies from the INC.

Conclusions:

  • Significant chromatin compaction differences exist between ANC and INC.
  • High-resolution mapping reveals distinct nuclear environments impacting macromolecular accessibility.