Patterns of physical activity and SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia: A case-control study

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Community-acquired infections are generally less severe in physically active individuals.
• The association between physical inactivity and severe COVID-19, particularly pneumonia, requires further confirmation.
• Understanding risk factors for severe COVID-19 is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and confirm the relationship between physical activity patterns and the risk of developing severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
• To determine if sedentary behavior is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study design was employed.
• 307 patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring intensive care were compared to 307 controls with mild to moderate COVID-19.
• Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Main Results:

• Mean physical activity levels were significantly lower in the severe pneumonia group (1576 MET-min/week) compared to the control group (2438 MET-min/week).
• Low physical activity was more prevalent in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (p<0.001).
• Low physical activity independently predicted a higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (CI 3.7; 2.24-5.99, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

• Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
• Promoting physical activity may be a strategy to mitigate the severity of COVID-19.
• Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 pneumonia, independent of nutritional status.