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The brain regulatory program predates central nervous system evolution.

Dylan Faltine-Gonzalez1, Jamie Havrilak1, Michael J Layden2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.

Scientific Reports
|May 27, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain patterning similarities may arise from convergent evolution, not homology. The conserved anteroposterior axial program predates brains, suggesting it was co-opted during nervous system centralization.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Understanding the evolution of centralized nervous systems is key to determining brain origins.
  • Conserved gene expression patterns along the anteroposterior axis suggest brain homology.
  • An alternative hypothesis proposes convergent evolution through co-option of axial programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of axial programs in neurogenesis.
  • To resolve whether shared brain patterning reflects convergence or homology.
  • To test the hypothesis that axial programs were co-opted during nervous system evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene expression patterns in cnidarians and bilaterians.
  • Investigating the role of anteroposterior axial programs in neurogenesis.
  • Functional studies in Nematostella to assess axial program function.

Main Results:

  • The bilaterian anteroposterior program patterns the cnidarian nerve net along the oral-aboral axis.
  • Anteroposterior programs regionalized developing nervous systems in the cnidarian-bilaterian common ancestor.
  • This suggests axial programs predate the emergence of brains.

Conclusions:

  • Shared brain patterning is not sufficient evidence for brain homology.
  • Axial programs likely predate brains and were co-opted during nervous system centralization.
  • This supports the hypothesis of convergent evolution for brain patterning similarities.