Determination of black soldier fly larvae performance for oil palm based waste reduction and biomass conversion

Oil palm biomass, such as empty fruit bunches and palm kernel meal, has low digestibility. Thus, a suitable bioreactor is urgently needed to efficiently convert oil palm biomass into high-value products. The polyphagous black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) has gained global attention for its role in biomass conversion. However, there is scarce information on the ability of the BSF to sustainably manage highly lignocellulosic matter, such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the performance of the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in oil palm biomass management. Several formulations were fed to the BSFL five days after hatching (DAH), and the effects on oil palm biomass-based substrate waste reduction and biomass conversion were analyzed. Furthermore, the resulting growth parameters correlating to the treatments were evaluated, including feed conversion rate (FCR), survival rates, and developmental rates. The most optimal results were obtained by mixing 50% of palm kernel meal (PKM) with 50% of coarse oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), resulting in an FCR of 3.98 ± 0.08 and a survival rate of 87% ± 4.16. Moreover, this treatment is a promising method for waste reduction (11.7% ± 6.76), with a bioconversion efficiency (corrected for residue) of 71.5% ± 1.12. In conclusion, the study findings indicate that incorporating PKM into OPEFB substrate can substantially alter BSFL growth, reduce oil palm waste, and optimize biomass conversion.