Is the association of chronotype with adolescent behavior problems mediated through social jetlag?

We examined the associations of chronotype with behavior problems in a cross-sectional study of 957 Colombian adolescents (mean age, 14.6 years; 56% female), in addition to the mediating role of social jetlag. The midpoint of bedtime and waketime on free days, corrected for sleep debt accumulated during school week (MSF_sc), was estimated from parent reports and used to assess chronotype. Behavior problems were evaluated through the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) questionnaires. We estimated adjusted mean differences with 95% CI in externalizing, internalizing, attention, social, and thought problem scores per one hour difference in chronotype using linear regression. Later chronotype was related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Eveningness was associated with higher adjusted mean YSR scores (unit difference per hour) in externalizing behavior (1.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.5), internalizing behavior (0.6; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.1), attention problems (0.2; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.3), social problems (0.4; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8), and thought problems (0.3; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6). Similar patterns were observed with the CBCL. The associations of chronotype with somatic complaints and social problems were stronger in boys than they were in girls. Later chronotype was related to social jetlag but social jetlag was only associated with somatic complaints and attention problems, and mediated 16% and 26% of their corresponding associations with chronotype. In conclusion, later chronotype is associated with behavior problems in adolescence. Social jetlag does not substantially mediate these associations.