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Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Hemiplegic Migraine.

Arathi Nandyala1, Tulsi Shah2, Jessica Ailani2

  • 1Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, 7PHC, Washington, DC, 20007, USA. arathi.s.nandyala@medstar.net.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|May 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent hemiplegic migraine research highlights new genetic links and clarifies pathophysiology. Further studies are needed for effective management of this rare, severe migraine type.

Keywords:
Familial hemiplegic migraineSporadic hemiplegic migraine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Migraine Research

Background:

  • Hemiplegic migraine is a severe subset of migraine with aura.
  • Characterized by reversible hemiparesis and other aura symptoms.
  • Pathophysiology involves neuronal depolarization and cortical spreading depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent updates in hemiplegic migraine.
  • Cover epidemiology, diagnostics, genetics, pathophysiology, and management.
  • Highlight new genetic associations and treatment needs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of genetic and pathophysiological findings.

Main Results:

  • Two additional genes (PPRT2, SLC1A3) may be implicated in hemiplegic migraine.
  • Understanding of pathophysiology is evolving.
  • Current treatment data is limited to case studies.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive differential diagnosis and work-up are crucial.
  • Significant need for larger studies on hemiplegic migraine management.
  • Advances in understanding genetics and pathophysiology are ongoing.