An unusual case of native aortic endocarditis due to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, a Gram-positive rod belonging the oropharynx microbiota, is usually described in pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This paper describes a rare case of native aortic infectious endocarditis (IE) and reviews the literature on similar cases. A 62-year-old man with rheumatic fever since childhood was hospitalized for surgical treatment of a febrile IE due to C. diphtheriticum with a large vegetation (15.8 X 8.3 mm). MALDI-TOF-MS from strain isolated in positive blood cultures identified C. pseudodiphtheriticum (2.34), and 16S rRNA sequencing from the valve sample confirmed the identification. The summary of 25 cases shows that the outcome of an IE due to C. pseudodiphtheriticum is bad. The review of the literature shows that this agent found in blood cultures in a cardiovascular context deserves to be explored meticulously because an unfavorable prognosis is frequent.