Risk Factors and Pattern of Lower Limb Deep Venous Thrombosis in Gombe, North-Eastern Nigeria

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is one of most common causes of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Many risk factors ranging from inherited to acquired are associated with increased risk of DVT.

The aim of the study was to review the pattern and risk factors of DVTs in Gombe.

This study was a retrospective review of Doppler ultrasound confirmed lower limb DVT that were managed in the Department of Haematology, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria over a 4-year period (January 2018 to December 2021). Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 28.

Ninety (90) patients were seen and managed during the study period, most were females, (56.7%; n =51) with an age range of 18 to 92 years and mean of 47.3±17.8 years. Young adults (18-45 years) were in the majority (n=45; 50%), followed by the middle aged (46-60 years) (n=28; 31.1%) and then elderly (>60 years) (n=17; 18.9%). Twenty-five patients (27.8%) had proximal DVT, thirteen (14.4%) distal while 49 (57.8%) had extensive DVT. The most affected side is the left lower limb (64.4%; n=58). Most of the patients had provoked DVT (n=65; 72%) with immobilization, recent surgery, bone fracture and stroke as the leading provoking factors. Among those with provoked DVT, young adults were the majority (n=34; 38%), followed by those in the middle-aged group (n=21; 23%) and then the elderly (n=10; 8%).

Our study showed the preponderance of left sided DVT and the majority of the cases were provoked affecting young adults.