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Simplified methods for identifying subtypes of automatically maintained self-injury.

Louis P Hagopian1,2, John Michael Falligant1,2, Michelle A Frank-Crawford1,2

  • 1Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|May 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study simplifies identifying subtypes of automatically maintained self-injurious behavior (SIB). New methods improve the application of SIB subtyping in research and clinical practice.

Keywords:
automaticdiagnostic behavioral markerprecision medicineself-injurious behaviorvisual analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is often automatically maintained, meaning it is reinforced by its own consequences.
  • Current methods for identifying subtypes of automatically maintained SIB rely on structured criteria, which can be complex and time-consuming.
  • A simplified subtyping model could increase the application of this important classification system in research and practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simplify the methods for identifying subtypes of automatically maintained self-injurious behavior (SIB).
  • To validate modified criteria for distinguishing between SIB subtypes.
  • To assess the utility of visual analysis in identifying automatically maintained SIB for practical application.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved a series of research studies (Studies 1-3).
  • Modified criteria were developed and tested using data from functional analyses of SIB.
  • The level of differentiation of SIB across play and no-interaction conditions was examined.
  • Visual analysis of SIB patterns was also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Modified criteria accurately distinguished between two subtypes of automatically maintained SIB (Subtypes 1 and 2) based on response differentiation.
  • Visual analysis, without structured criteria, proved effective in identifying automatically maintained SIB.
  • Combining visual analysis with differentiation levels facilitates practical subtyping.

Conclusions:

  • Simplified methods can accurately identify subtypes of automatically maintained SIB.
  • The proposed approach enhances the feasibility of applying the SIB subtyping model in diverse settings.
  • These findings support wider adoption of SIB subtyping for improved research and clinical interventions.