Semi-Solid Supramolecular Ionic Network Electrolytes Formed by Zwitterionic Liquids and Polyoxometalate Nanoclusters...

Flexible electrolytes with solid self-supporting properties are highly desired in the fields of energy and electronics. However, traditional flexible electrolytes prepared by doping ionic liquids or salt solutions into a polymer matrix pose a risk of liquid component leakage during device operation. In this work, the development of supramolecular ionic network electrolytes using polyoxometalate nanoclusters as supramolecular crosslinkers to solidify bola-type zwitterionic liquids is reported. The resulting self-supporting electrolytes possess semi-solid features and show a high proton conductivity of 8.2 × 10^-4 S cm^-1 at low humidity (RH = 30%). Additionally, the electrolytes exhibit a typical plateau region in rheological tests, indicating that their dynamic network structures can contribute mechanical behavior similar to the entangled networks in covalent polymer materials. This work introduces a new paradigm for designing flexible solid electrolytes and expands the concept of reticular chemistry to noncrystalline systems.