Characterization and genomic study of EJP2, a novel jumbo phage targeting antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Virology
• Genomics

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli poses a significant global health threat.
• Bacteriophages are emerging as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for combating AMR.
• Novel phage therapies are crucial for addressing the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize a novel jumbo phage, designated EJP2, with specific activity against AMR E. coli strains.
• To evaluate the potential of EJP2 as a biocontrol agent in food processing and clinical settings.

Main Methods:

• Isolation and characterization of jumbo phage EJP2 targeting AMR E. coli.
• Morphological analysis (electron microscopy) and genome sequencing (349,185 bp, 540 ORFs).
• Comparative genomic analysis, host spectrum determination, receptor identification (LPS), biofilm eradication assays, and synergistic activity testing with cefotaxime.

Main Results:

• EJP2, a Myoviridae family jumbo phage, possesses a large dsDNA genome and unique genetic makeup compared to other E. coli phages.
• EJP2 demonstrated a broad host spectrum against AMR and pathogenic E. coli, utilizing LPS as its receptor.
• EJP2 effectively eradicated over 80% of AMR E. coli biofilms and showed synergistic effects with cefotaxime.

Conclusions:

• Jumbo phage EJP2 is a promising candidate for developing novel therapeutic strategies against AMR E. coli.
• EJP2's efficacy against biofilms and synergistic activity with antibiotics highlight its potential in combating AMR.
• This research supports the use of phage EJP2 as a biocontrol agent in food processing and clinical environments to mitigate AMR challenges.