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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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Allosteric Regulation01:08

Allosteric Regulation

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Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
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Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

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Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes

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Allosteric modulators of solute carrier function: a theoretical framework.

D Boytsov1, K Schicker1, E Hellsberg2

  • 1Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Physiology
|May 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structure-based drug design for solute carriers (SLCs) can be improved by considering their transport mechanisms. This study explores targeting SLCs with allosteric modulators using transition state theory and linear free energy relationships.

Keywords:
allosteric modulatordrug designlinear free energy relationshipsolute carriertransition-state theory

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Selection of Transporter-Targeted Inhibitory Nanobodies by Solid-Supported-Membrane SSM-Based Electrophysiology
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Selection of Transporter-Targeted Inhibitory Nanobodies by Solid-Supported-Membrane SSM-Based Electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Large-scale drug screening is a traditional but laborious method for identifying new chemical entities.
  • The increasing availability of protein structures enables structure-based virtual screening campaigns.
  • Solute carriers (SLCs) are promising drug targets due to their association with numerous human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine structure-based drug design approaches for solute carriers (SLCs).
  • To investigate the feasibility of targeting SLCs with allosteric modulators.
  • To provide a theoretical framework for understanding allosteric modulator effects on SLC function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing structure-based docking campaigns (virtual screening).
  • Applying transition state theory.
  • Employing linear free energy relationships (LFER).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that incorporating SLC operational mechanisms refines structure-based approaches.
  • Showcased the potential of targeting SLCs with allosteric modulators.
  • Established a theoretical basis for analyzing allosteric modulation of SLCs.

Conclusions:

  • Structure-based drug design for SLCs can be enhanced by integrating knowledge of their transport mechanisms.
  • Allosteric modulators represent a viable strategy for targeting SLCs, distinct from substrate-binding ligands.
  • Transition state theory and LFER provide a robust framework for understanding and designing allosteric modulators for SLCs.