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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insight Into Advances in Prion Diseases Research
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Intranasally delivered mesenchymal stromal cells decrease glial inflammation early in prion disease.

Arielle J D Hay1,2, Amanda S Latham2,3, Genova Mumford1,2

  • 1Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|May 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intranasal adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AdMSCs) reduced neuroinflammation and astrogliosis in a mouse model of prion disease. While not extending survival, AdMSC treatment modulated microglial states and decreased inflammatory gene expression.

Keywords:
astrocytescytokinesinflammationmesenchymal stromal cellsmicrogliaprion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show potential for treating neurological disorders by migrating to neuroinflammatory sites.
  • Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of intranasally delivered adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) in a mouse model of prion disease.
  • To assess the impact of AdMSC treatment on neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and astrogliosis.

Main Methods:

  • AdMSCs were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or prion-infected brain homogenates.
  • Biweekly intranasal AdMSC deliveries were administered to mice inoculated with prions.
  • Gene expression, vacuolization, microglial state, and astrocyte morphology were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • AdMSC treatment decreased vacuolization and suppressed Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the hippocampus.
  • AdMSCs induced a quiescent state in microglia and reduced the number and reactivity of astrocytes.
  • The treatment did not prolong survival or rescue neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Intranasal AdMSC delivery effectively combats neuroinflammation and astrogliosis in a prion disease mouse model.
  • AdMSCs demonstrate immunomodulatory effects on microglia and astrocytes, reducing disease pathology.
  • Further research is warranted to explore therapeutic strategies for prion diseases using MSCs.