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SFTSV infection is associated with transient overproliferation of monoclonal lambda-type plasma cells

Chuansong Quan1,2, Qinghua Liu3, Lijuan Yu2

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.

Iscience
|May 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) involves abnormal antibody immunity. Researchers found monoclonal plasma cells in SFTS patients, indicating a potential new therapeutic target for this severe infectious disease.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Antibody-mediated immunity impairment is linked to fatal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).
  • Monoclonal plasma cells (MCP cells) are typically associated with multiple myeloma, not infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of monoclonal plasma cells in patients with SFTS.
  • To explore the potential role of MCP cells in SFTS pathogenesis and clinical severity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical diagnosis reports from 30 SFTS patients.
  • Flow cytometry to identify and quantify plasma cell populations (CD38+cLambda+cKappa-).
  • Comparison of MCP cell ratios in SFTS patients versus normal cases and in SFTSV-infected mice.

Main Results:

  • Overproliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (MCP cells) was identified in the bone marrow of SFTS patients.
  • A significantly higher ratio of CD38+cLambda+ to CD38+cKappa+ cells was observed in SFTS patients with MCP cells compared to normal cases.
  • MCP cells exhibited transient expression in SFTS, differing from multiple myeloma, and were associated with higher clinical severity.
  • MCP cell overproliferation was also confirmed in SFTS virus (SFTSV)-infected mice.

Conclusions:

  • SFTSV infection induces transient overproliferation of monoclonal lambda-type plasma cells.
  • These findings have significant implications for understanding SFTSV pathogenesis and prognosis.
  • The identification of MCP cells offers potential for developing targeted therapeutics for SFTS.
Keywords:
Health sciencesImmunityImmunologyVirology

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