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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
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Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

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T-cell dysfunction in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

Xiaoyan Feng1,2,3, Miaomiao Meng1,2,3, Hongwen Li1,3

  • 1Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Oncoimmunology
|May 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This study reveals T-cell dysfunction in NKTCL patients, characterized by increased inhibitory receptors and reduced immune cell activity, contributing to impaired antitumor immunity.

Keywords:
Epstein‒Barr virusNK/T-cell lymphomaT-cell exhaustioninhibitory receptors

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Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
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Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

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Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays
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Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive, incurable T-cell lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.
  • Chronic viral infections can lead to T-cell exhaustion, a state of immune cell dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate T-cell dysfunction in patients with NKTCL for the first time.
  • To characterize the immune microenvironment in NKTCL, focusing on T-cell inhibitory receptors and effector functions.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocyte distribution, inhibitory receptor (IR) expression, cytokine production, and cell proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from NKTCL patients and healthy donors (HDs).
  • PBMCs from HDs were co-cultured with NKTCL cell lines to validate clinical findings.
  • Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) assessed IR expression in NKTCL tumor biopsies.

Main Results:

  • NKTCL patients exhibited higher frequencies of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) compared to HDs.
  • T cells from NKTCL patients showed increased expression of multiple IRs, reduced proliferation, and decreased interferon-γ production.
  • NKTCL cells induced T-cell exhaustion phenotypes and promoted Treg/MDSC generation in normal PBMCs.
  • Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in NKTCL biopsies displayed significantly higher IR expression than in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

Conclusions:

  • The immune microenvironment in NKTCL is characterized by T-cell dysfunction and an accumulation of inhibitory immune cells.
  • These immune alterations likely contribute to the impaired antitumor immunity observed in NKTCL patients.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may offer new therapeutic targets for NKTCL.