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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Hypertension.

Shyam C Chaudhary1, Pankaj Gupta1, K K Sawlani1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.

Cureus
|May 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

More than half of hypertensive patients have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition often undiagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment of this dangerous pair can improve health outcomes and quality of life.

Keywords:
body mass indexhypertensionobesityobstructive sleep apneapolysomnography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Essential hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently co-exist, affecting approximately 50% of patients in each condition.
  • Untreated OSA can lead to resistant hypertension, highlighting the clinical significance of their association.
  • A high percentage (80-90%) of OSA cases remain undiagnosed due to low awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with essential hypertension.
  • To identify clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with OSA in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 179 hypertensive patients over 18 years old.
  • Screening for OSA using the STOP-BANG questionnaire, with confirmation via polysomnography (AHI ≥5) for scores ≥3.
  • Patients with STOP-BANG scores ≤2 or scores ≥3 with AHI <5 were classified as non-OSA.

Main Results:

  • Over half (53.1%) of hypertensive patients studied were diagnosed with OSA.
  • OSA prevalence and severity increased with higher Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • OSA patients exhibited significantly higher triglyceride and LDL levels, and lower HDL levels compared to non-OSA patients.

Conclusions:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with essential hypertension, indicating a common co-occurrence.
  • Increased physician awareness is crucial for early OSA diagnosis and management in hypertensive individuals.
  • Timely intervention for OSA can improve cardiovascular outcomes, reduce accident risks, and enhance patient quality of life.