Fibroepithelial Lesion Spectrum: A Case Report Documenting a Possible Transformation to a Malignant Phyllodes Tumor

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Radiology

Background:

• Fibroadenomas (FA) are common benign breast tumors.
• Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms with malignant potential.
• Distinguishing FA from PT on core biopsy can be challenging.

Observation:

• This case highlights the radiological-pathological features of a presumed fibroadenoma that transformed into a malignant phyllodes tumor.
• Phyllodes tumors exhibit heterogeneous histology, making definitive diagnosis difficult on limited core needle biopsies.
• Core biopsies represent only a small sample of the overall lesion.

Findings:

• Complete excisional biopsy is often necessary for accurate pathologic diagnosis of phyllodes tumors.
• Radiological and pathological correlation is essential for managing breast lesions.
• Even benign fibroepithelial lesions require careful clinical follow-up.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering malignant transformation in fibroepithelial lesions.
• Accurate diagnosis impacts patient management and prognosis.
• Further research into distinguishing benign from malignant fibroepithelial lesions on biopsy is warranted.