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Mapping potential conflicts between global agriculture and terrestrial conservation.

Nguyen Tien Hoang1, Oliver Taherzadeh1,2, Haruka Ohashi3

  • 1Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 30, 2023
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Global food demand drives agricultural expansion into critical biodiversity areas. This study maps conservation risk hotspots, revealing that cattle, maize, rice, and soybean production threaten high-priority sites worldwide.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Agricultural land use competes with biodiversity, particularly due to international trade.
  • Understanding the spatial distribution and drivers of these conflicts is crucial for effective conservation.
  • Current knowledge on consumer responsibility for agricultural-driven conservation risks is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map global conservation risk hotspots resulting from agricultural production.
  • To identify specific agricultural commodities and consumer patterns contributing to these risks.
  • To provide data for prioritizing conservation efforts and safeguarding biodiversity.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated conservation priority (CP) maps with agricultural trade data for 197 countries and 48 products.
  • Utilized spatial analysis at 0.5° resolution to identify areas of overlap between agriculture and high-biodiversity priority habitat.
  • Developed a web-based GIS tool to visualize the identified conservation risks.

Main Results:

  • One-third of global agricultural production occurs in high conservation priority sites (CP > 0.75).
  • Cattle, maize, rice, and soybean production represent the most significant threats to very high CP sites.
  • Commodity-specific threats vary by region, and national conservation risks depend on trade and sourcing patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial analysis reveals significant competition between agriculture and high-conservation value sites globally.
  • The findings highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies considering specific commodities, regions, and trade dynamics.
  • The developed GIS tool offers a valuable resource for informing conservation planning and policy at national and global scales.