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Weight variability, physical functioning and incident disability in older adults.

Katie J McMenamin1, Tamara B Harris2, Joshua F Baker1,3,4

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Greater body mass index (BMI) variability in older adults is linked to decreased physical function and increased disability risk. This association highlights BMI variability as an independent marker of frailty.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Body Mass Index (BMI) variability is a potential indicator of health status in aging populations.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the link between BMI fluctuations and functional decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) variability and physical functioning.
  • To determine if BMI variability predicts incident disability in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, including semi-annual BMI measurements over 3 years.
  • Employed two methods to quantify BMI variability and assessed its relationship with changes in body composition and physical performance scores.
  • Used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between BMI variability and new disability incidence.

Main Results:

  • Individuals in the highest BMI variability quintile experienced greater loss of body mass and fat mass.
  • Higher BMI variability correlated with significant declines in physical performance scores.
  • Increased BMI variability was independently associated with a higher incidence of disability.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated BMI variability in older adults is a significant predictor of reduced physical performance and increased disability.
  • This relationship is independent of overall weight change, suggesting BMI variability is a distinct component of frailty.