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Insomnia symptoms during the covid-19 pandemic: a case-control study
Andrea Bacelar1,2, Silvia Gonçalves Conway2,3,4, Márcia Assis2,5
1Clínica Neurológica Carlos Bacelar. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Revista De Saude Publica
|May 31, 2023
Summary
Pandemic insomnia is linked to sleeping less than six hours, frequent sadness, living in cities, being over 40, and lower education combined with occupation. These factors highlight the unequal health impacts of crises.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Mental Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global health, leading to increased stress and mental health challenges.
- Sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, became a prevalent issue during this period.
- Understanding the factors contributing to insomnia is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify lifestyle, sociodemographic, and mental health characteristics associated with insomnia symptoms during the pandemic.
- To compare these characteristics between individuals with and without insomnia.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study utilizing snowball sampling and an online questionnaire.
- Data collected from November 2020 to April 2021, involving 6,360 participants.
- 158 cases of insomnia disorder and 476 controls were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Sleeping less than six hours daily was a significant predictor (OR = 3.89).
- Frequent feelings of sadness (OR = 2.95) and residing in metropolitan areas (OR = 1.71) were associated with insomnia.
- Older age (≥40 years, OR = 1.93) and the interaction of occupation with lower education (OR = 2.12) also predicted insomnia symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Mental health issues are strongly linked to insomnia symptoms.
- Insomnia is a key outcome to consider in studies on unemployment, vulnerability, and low education, especially in urban settings.
- The pandemic's health and economic effects are unequally distributed, impacting vulnerable populations disproportionately.
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