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Microbial Pathogenesis in the Era of Spatial Omics.

Samantha Lempke1, Dana May1, Sarah E Ewald1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Infection and Immunity
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New spatial omics techniques allow researchers to study gene and protein expression within specific cellular locations. This advances our understanding of how spatial information regulates microbial pathogenesis during infection.

Keywords:
host-pathogen interactionsmicrobial pathogenesisspatial proteomicsspatial transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cellular functions are influenced by cell type, state, and environment.
  • Spatial cues critically regulate microbial pathogenesis strategies.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is enhanced by transcriptomics and proteomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in spatial omics for evaluating global transcript and protein expression.
  • To explore how location regulates cellular functions in microbial pathogenesis.
  • To address outstanding questions in microbial pathogenesis using spatial approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in spatial proteomics.
  • Review of recent advances in spatial transcriptomics.
  • Integration of spatial omics with existing transcriptomics and proteomics techniques.

Main Results:

  • Spatial omics enables evaluation of gene and protein expression within subcellular niches, primary cells, and native tissues.
  • New techniques lower the barrier to understanding location-based regulation of cellular functions.
  • Spatial information is crucial for regulating gene expression and gene product compartmentalization during infection.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial omics techniques are revolutionizing the study of microbial pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the spatial context of cellular events is key to deciphering infection mechanisms.
  • Future research will leverage spatial omics to address complex questions in host-pathogen interactions.