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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants &#8212; Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

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COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction, evaluation of onset, and persistence.

Abdulhusein Mizhir Almaamuri1, Mohammed M Mohammed2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq.

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
|May 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Most COVID-19 patients recover from olfactory dysfunction (OD) within one month. This study tracked 325 Iraqi patients, finding OD persistence rare long-term, with no correlation between onset type and recovery duration.

Keywords:
COVID-19olfactory dysfunctionrecover

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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a prevalent symptom associated with COVID-19.
  • Understanding the onset and recovery patterns of OD is crucial for patient management.
  • Longitudinal data on COVID-19-related OD recovery is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the modes of onset for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
  • To track recovery timelines of OD over 12-18 months.
  • To estimate differences in OD recovery duration based on disease course.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 325 COVID-19 patients in Iraq with confirmed infection (PCR and/or CT scan) were followed.
  • Patients were categorized into three groups based on OD onset.
  • Follow-up involved telephone interviews and questionnaires assessing self-reported olfactory function and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • Complete recovery from OD was reported by 45.5% within 2 weeks, and 73.2% by the end of the first month.
  • Persistent OD was observed in only 3.3% at 1 year, decreasing to 0.6% by 18 months.
  • No significant correlation was found between OD onset type and its duration or persistence.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of individuals experiencing COVID-associated olfactory dysfunction regain their sense of smell within the first month.
  • Long-term persistence of OD following COVID-19 is uncommon.
  • The mode of OD onset does not appear to influence the recovery trajectory.