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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

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Vanillin-based functionalization strategy to construct multifunctional microspheres for treating inflammation and

Zhuang Zhu1, Qifan Yu1, Hanwen Li1

  • 1Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.

Bioactive Materials
|May 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces vanillin-functionalized microspheres for treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The novel platform delivers growth factors, reduces inflammation, and promotes tissue regeneration, offering a promising approach for low back pain.

Keywords:
Intervertebral disc degenerationMicrosphereRegenerationTransforming growth factor β3Vanillin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a primary cause of low back pain.
  • Current local delivery strategies for IVDD face challenges in addressing multiple contributing factors with a single platform.
  • Developing multifunctional delivery systems is crucial for effective IVDD treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop vanillin-functionalized gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microspheres for targeted delivery of transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3).
  • To investigate the potential of these microspheres in treating IVDD by addressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) production.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the functionalized microspheres in both in vitro and in vivo models of IVDD.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of GelMA microspheres with vanillin, a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecule.
  • Incorporation and controlled release of TGFβ3 from the microspheres.
  • In vitro studies using lipopolysaccharide-induced nucleus pulposus (NP) cells to assess anti-inflammatory and ECM-promoting effects.
  • In vivo studies in an IVDD model to evaluate tissue regeneration, structural integrity, and biomechanical function.
  • High-throughput sequencing to identify underlying molecular signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K-Akt).

Main Results:

  • Vanillin-functionalized microspheres enhanced TGFβ3 release kinetics.
  • Effective inhibition of inflammatory responses and promotion of ECM secretion in vitro.
  • In vivo, the platform alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress, preserved NP water content and disc height, and maintained structural and biomechanical integrity.
  • High-throughput sequencing indicated potential involvement of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Vanillin-based functionalization offers a simple strategy to create multifunctional delivery platforms for IVDD treatment.
  • The developed microspheres show significant potential for promoting intervertebral disc regeneration.
  • This approach holds promise for tissue regeneration applications beyond the intervertebral disc.