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Acquired Hypothyroidism in Children.

Shaila S Bhattacharyya1, Anshika Singh2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560008, India. shailashamanur@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acquired hypothyroidism, or juvenile hypothyroidism, results from deficient thyroid hormones. Early diagnosis and levothyroxine treatment are crucial for normal growth and development in children.

Keywords:
Acquired hypothyroidismHashimoto thyroiditis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Acquired hypothyroidism, also known as juvenile hypothyroidism, stems from insufficient thyroid hormone secretion.
  • This condition can lead to metabolic and neurological issues at the cellular level.
  • It typically manifests between 9-11 years of age, rarely before 4 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the presentation, diagnosis, and management of acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment for optimal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation (e.g., poor growth, lethargy) and thyroid function tests.
  • Thyroid hormone levels (T4, T3) and thyrotropin (TSH) are key indicators.
  • Autoimmune markers like Anti-TPO and Anti-TG antibodies help identify autoimmune hypothyroidism.

Main Results:

  • Many children (80%) are asymptomatic at diagnosis.
  • Moderate to severe cases may present with poor growth, constipation, lethargy, or dry skin.
  • Primary hypothyroidism shows elevated TSH with low T4/T3; central hypothyroidism involves pituitary TSH deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Acquired hypothyroidism requires treatment with levothyroxine replacement therapy.
  • Regular monitoring of thyroid profiles is essential for dose adjustment.
  • Individualized levothyroxine therapy is critical for ensuring normal growth and development.