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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Effect of Maternal Coronavirus Disease on Preterm Morbidities

Gökçe Çıplak1, Cem Becerir1, Fatma N Sarı1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.

American Journal of Perinatology
|May 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy did not significantly impact most preterm infant morbidities or mortality. However, it was identified as an independent risk factor for developing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birthweight infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pregnancy with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may influence preterm infant health due to SARS-CoV-2's inflammatory nature.
  • Intrauterine inflammation exposure can lead to adverse outcomes in preterm infants.
  • The precise impact of COVID-19 on fetal and neonatal health requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of maternal COVID-19 on preterm infant morbidities.
  • To assess outcomes in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit setting.

Main Methods:

  • An observational cohort study compared preterm infants (<37 weeks gestational age) with and without maternal COVID-19.
  • Data collected from March 2020 to December 2021 included demographics and clinical outcomes.
  • Included 254 infants (127 in maternal COVID-19 group, 127 in control).

Main Results:

  • Most common preterm morbidities (RDS, sepsis, IVH, NEC, BPD, ROP) and mortality rates were similar between groups.
  • Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly higher rate of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in infants ≤1,500g with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection (38% vs. 15%, p=0.023).
  • Maternal COVID-19 independently predicted PDA in very low birthweight infants (OR 3.4, p=0.031).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 during pregnancy generally shows no adverse effect on overall preterm infant morbidities and mortality.
  • Maternal COVID-19 is a significant risk factor for PDA in preterm infants weighing ≤1,500g.
  • Further research is needed to fully clarify COVID-19's impact on neonatal health.
Abstract

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