Voluntary alcohol intake in the hypertension prone Dahl rat

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that alterations in the sodium content of the diet which alter salt appetite, can modify ethanol self-selection and intoxication. The present experiment investigates the relationship between the intakes of sodium and ethanol on the one hand and the development of hypertension, by measuring voluntary ethanol consumption and blood pressure in two rat lines, the salt sensitive (SS) and salt resistant (SR) Dahl rats, specially bred to show differential sensitivity to dietary sodium supplements. All rats were given 24 hr access to 6% (v/v) ethanol and water and first offered a control diet (0.5% Na) followed by a 4% and then an 8% sodium supplemented diet. While on the control diet there were significant between strain differences in ethanol consumption, suggesting that the SS animals came genetically prepared to consume more ethanol. Blood pressure measured at regular intervals indicated significant changes only in the SS rats even though both lines as well as a group of Wistar rats, added for purposes of comparison, all increased their ethanol intake to the salt supplemented diets. A second experiment suggested that the initial difference in consumption between the SS and SR lines may be related to central nervous system sensitivity since differences were found in salt appetite but not in taste sensitivity or in the absorption, distribution or metabolism of the drug. These findings demonstrate that the Dahl SS rat is predisposed to consume more ethanol than the SR rat even before exposure to the hypertension-inducing diet, and that this predisposition is probably central in origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)