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Recurrent child protection post-investigation services for First Nations children in the province of Quebec
Mireille De La Sablonnière-Griffin1, Delphine Collin-Vézina2, Tonino Esposito3
1INRS-UQAT Joint Research Unit in Indigenous Studies, Urbanisation Culture Société Research Centre, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada.
Insights
Indigenous children in child protection (CP) services do not have a higher risk of recurrence than the majority group. However, young age at case closure and prior agency contact increase recurrence risk for First Nations children.
Area of Science:
- Child welfare research
- Indigenous child well-being
- Longitudinal studies in social services
Background:
- The longitudinal trajectory of Indigenous children within child protection (CP) services, including their recurrent involvement, is not well-documented.
- Understanding recurrence patterns is crucial for improving child welfare interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if First Nations children face a higher risk of recurring CP services post-investigation compared to the majority group.
- To identify factors associated with recurrence for First Nations children and compare them to the majority group.
Main Methods:
- Utilized anonymized child protection administrative data from Quebec (2002-2014; n=1150).
- Employed Cox proportional hazards modeling, developed in partnership with an advisory committee.
Main Results:
- The risk of recurrence for First Nations children did not significantly differ from the majority group (HR: 0.980, n.s.).
- For First Nations children (n=459), recurrence risk was elevated by being under two at case closure (HR: 2.718), receiving short-term intervention (HR: 5.027), and prior family involvement with CP services (HR: 2.023).
Conclusions:
- Findings underscore the need to study Indigenous children's child protection trajectories as a distinct group requiring focused attention.
- Recommends a family-based research perspective to better understand family histories and inform practice recommendations for child protection services.
Background:
The longitudinal trajectory of Indigenous children within child protection (CP) services, including their recurrent involvement, has yet to be documented.
Objectives:
1) To document whether First Nations children were at increased risk of a first recurrence of post-investigation CP services compared to children from the majority group. 2) To identify the characteristics associated with recurrence for First Nations children, and to compare these results to those for children from the majority group.
Method:
Anonymized CP administrative data (2002-2014; n = 1150) of a region in the province of Quebec were used to conduct Cox proportional hazards modeling, in partnership with an advisory committee.
Results:
The risk of recurrence of First Nations children did not significantly differ from the risk for children from the majority group (HR: 0.980, n.s.) while controlling for covariates. Among First Nations children (n = 459), being under two at the case closure (HR: 2.718, p < .05), having received short-term intervention (HR: 5.027, p < .001) and coming from a family already known to the CP agency (HR: 2.023, p < .001) were associated with an increased risk of recurrence.
Conclusions:
The findings highlight the importance of studying First Nations children's trajectories within CP services as a group deserving full attention and for First Nations to be able to design or demand appropriate services responding to their population's needs. A family-based research perspective is recommended to understand better the full family history leading to and in relation to CP services, which could provide more sound practice recommendations.
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