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Bulimia Nervosa01:30

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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
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Binge Eating Disorders01:23

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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity
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Anti-Diabetic Drugs Inhibit Bulimia Induced Obesity.

Zhu Li1, Jia Jia2, Han Hao1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|May 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metformin and Dapagliflozin aid weight loss through distinct mechanisms. Metformin may influence appetite, while Dapagliflozin impacts intestinal cell metabolism and nutrient absorption, suggesting combination therapy for obesity.

Keywords:
DapagliflozinMetforminintestinal villusmetabolic patternsneural networksobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Obesity is often linked to food addiction, with pharmacological interventions showing weight loss effects.
  • Anti-diabetic drugs like Metformin and Dapagliflozin demonstrate weight loss efficacy, but their underlying mechanisms require elucidation.
  • This study investigates the potential roles of neural functional connectivity and energy metabolism in the weight loss effects of these drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct mechanisms by which Metformin and Dapagliflozin induce weight loss in an obesity model.
  • To explore the association between neural functional connectivity, regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and intestinal cell metabolism.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Metformin and Dapagliflozin in modulating these physiological parameters in diet-induced obesity.

Main Methods:

  • An obesity model was established in male ob/ob mice using a high-fructose-fat-diet (HFFD).
  • Mice were treated with normal saline (control), Metformin, or Dapagliflozin via gavage.
  • Functional connectivity, rCBV, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) metabolic patterns were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Metformin treatment showed attenuated Blood Oxygen on Level Depending (Bold) signaling responses, functional connectivity, and rCBV compared to controls and Dapagliflozin.
  • Dapagliflozin uniquely prevented HFFD-induced intestinal cell hyper-survival and villus hypertrophy by reducing glycolysis.
  • Both Metformin and Dapagliflozin were effective in promoting weight loss in the obese mice model.

Conclusions:

  • Metformin and Dapagliflozin exhibit different mechanisms for inhibiting obesity, potentially related to appetite regulation and intestinal cell metabolism, respectively.
  • Dapagliflozin's effect on intestinal cell survival and metabolic patterns suggests a significant impact on nutrient absorption.
  • Combination therapy with Metformin and Dapagliflozin may offer enhanced clinical benefits for treating obesity.