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Deterministic evolution and stringent selection during preneoplasia.

Kasper Karlsson1,2,3,4, Moritz J Przybilla3,5, Eran Kotler2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

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|May 31, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Studying early gastric cancer events, researchers found that TP53 gene inactivation drives cancer progression. This research reveals predictable patterns in tumor evolution, aiding early detection and prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Early events in human tumor initiation are poorly understood but crucial for malignancy detection and prevention.
  • TP53 biallelic inactivation is a common early event in gastric cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model occult preneoplasia by studying TP53 inactivation in human gastric organoids.
  • To establish causal relationships between the TP53 genetic lesion and resulting phenotypes using experimental evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human gastric organoids with biallelic TP53 inactivation.
  • Employed experimental evolution over two years with multiple clonally derived cultures.
  • Conducted longitudinal single-cell sequencing and high-throughput lineage tracing with expressed cellular barcodes.

Main Results:

  • TP53 loss induced progressive aneuploidy, including copy number alterations and structural variants common in gastric cancers.
  • Longitudinal single-cell sequencing showed progression towards malignant transcriptional programs in TP53-deficient organoids.
  • Lineage tracing revealed reproducible dynamics of subclone dominance and phenotypic convergence.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evolution in premalignant organoids demonstrates stringent selection, clonal interference, and phenotypic convergence.
  • These findings suggest predictability in early tumorigenesis stages.
  • The study implies evolutionary constraints and barriers to malignant transformation, with implications for early detection and interception of aggressive tumors.