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Baptiste Lafoux1, Jeanne Moscatelli2, Ramiro Godoy-Diana3

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS UMR 7636, ESPCI Paris-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université-Université Paris Cité, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France. baptiste.lafoux@espci.fr.

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Illumination is crucial for fish schooling. Vision enables cohesive collective motion in fish schools, while the lateral line system is insufficient for maintaining group structure in low light conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Collective dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Collective motion is common in biological systems.
  • The sensory mechanisms underlying fish schooling are not fully understood.
  • Visual cues are hypothesized to play a significant role in coordinating group behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the effect of illumination intensity on the collective dynamics of fish schools.
  • To determine the necessity of vision for cohesive group formation and maintenance.
  • To compare the roles of vision and lateral line sensing in fish collective behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified school structure using order parameters in a large group (ca. 50 individuals) of Hemigrammus rhodostomus.
  • Controlled ambient light intensity to alter fish visual range.
  • Analyzed changes in group cohesion, alignment, and configuration (polarization, milling) with varying illuminance.

Main Results:

  • At low light levels, fish schools failed to form a cohesive group.
  • Increased illuminance correlated with higher school alignment.
  • Higher light intensity led to polarized states and stable rotational milling configurations.

Conclusions:

  • Vision is essential for achieving cohesive collective motion in free-swimming fish schools.
  • Short-range lateral line sensing alone is insufficient for maintaining school structure under these conditions.
  • This study provides insights into the sensory mechanisms driving collective motion in biological systems.