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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

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Incidence of hypertension in people with HIV infection: a longitudinal observational study

Marco Gelpi1, Luanna Uchoa Karvig1, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen1

  • 1Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.

AIDS (London, England)
|June 1, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension incidence in people with HIV (PWH) is similar to the general population. Central obesity and waist-hip ratio are key risk factors, not HIV-specific elements, emphasizing lifestyle changes for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in people with HIV (PWH).
  • Hypertension is a known CVD risk factor, but its incidence and predictors in PWH are understudied.
  • Understanding hypertension development in PWH is crucial for effective CVD prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of hypertension in well-treated PWH.
  • To identify predictors of incident hypertension in this population.
  • To compare hypertension risk in PWH with the general population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 532 PWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV (COCOMO) study was analyzed.
  • Participants underwent baseline and 2.5-year follow-up examinations.
  • Linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess risk factors, with confounder adjustment.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of hypertension was 8.5 cases per 100 person-years of follow-up.
  • Increased waist-hip ratio (aRR 1.54) and central obesity (aRR 2.29) were significantly associated with incident hypertension.
  • No HIV-specific factors were found to be linked to the development of hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence rate of hypertension in well-treated PWH is comparable to the general population.
  • Traditional risk factors, particularly age and adipose tissue distribution, are associated with hypertension in PWH.
  • Preventative strategies should focus on lifestyle modifications and weight management rather than HIV-specific factors.
Abstract

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