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Cholera Infection Risks and Cholera Vaccine Safety in Pregnancy.

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Cholera infection poses significant risks to pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates, increasing stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Cholera vaccines are safe during pregnancy and reduce fetal and neonatal complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cholera infection presents unique challenges during pregnancy, impacting maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • Understanding the risks associated with cholera in pregnant populations is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of cholera infection on pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cholera vaccines in pregnant individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of scientific literature was conducted in November 2022.
  • Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.
  • Data from 24 studies were extracted and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Cholera infection significantly increases the risk of stillbirths and neonatal deaths, particularly in the third trimester, with spontaneous abortions observed.
  • Neonatal mortality is linked to congenital malformations and low Apgar scores.
  • Cholera vaccines demonstrated safety in pregnancy and reduced fetal and neonatal malformations in vaccinated women compared to unvaccinated controls.

Conclusions:

  • Cholera infection poses a severe threat to pregnancy, leading to adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes.
  • Cholera vaccination is a safe and effective strategy to mitigate these risks in pregnant women.