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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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[Sarcoidosis].

Raoul Bergner1

  • 1Medizinische Klinik A - Nephrologie, Rheumatologie, Hämato-Onkologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Bremserstr. 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland. bergnerr@klilu.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|June 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease common in Northern Europe, presents acutely or chronically, often affecting the lungs. Diagnosis requires organ assessment for tailored treatment, with glucocorticoids as the primary therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Rheumatology

Context:

  • Sarcoidosis is a prevalent granulomatous disease in Northern Europe.
  • It manifests in acute and chronic forms, with chronic sarcoidosis frequently impacting the lungs (90-95% of cases).
  • Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic to acute organ failure.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic necessity of extensive organ work-up for sarcoidosis.
  • To differentiate treatment approaches based on disease extent and organ involvement.
  • To detail current therapeutic strategies for sarcoidosis.

Summary:

  • Chronic sarcoidosis can affect multiple organs, necessitating comprehensive evaluation at diagnosis.
  • Asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis typically requires observation, while significant organ involvement mandates treatment.
Keywords:
DiagnosticsGranulomatous systemic diseaseOrgan manifestationsPulmonary sarcoidosisTreatment

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  • Treatment primarily involves glucocorticoids, with immunosuppressants and biologics used as second-line or steroid-sparing agents.

    • Impact:

    • Informing clinical decision-making for sarcoidosis patient management.
    • Highlighting the importance of early and thorough diagnosis for effective treatment planning.
    • Providing an overview of current therapeutic options, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics.