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SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system: current perspectives.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to neurological impairment. This review examines the pathophysiology and manifestations of nervous system disorders linked to COVID-19.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is increasingly associated with neurological complications in adults and children.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of these neurological manifestations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nervous system disorders.
  • To discuss the potential direct and indirect mechanisms underlying COVID-19-related neurological impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on COVID-19 and neurology.
  • Analysis of viral pathophysiology and immune responses.
  • Categorization of neurological manifestations by disease phase (acute and post-acute).

Main Results:

  • Neurological impairment can occur during both acute and post-acute phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Potential causes include direct viral invasion of the brain and indirect immune-mediated responses.
  • A wide range of nervous system disorders have been reported in association with COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents a significant risk for developing neurological disorders.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system.