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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Methods to Inhibit Bacterial Pyomelanin Production and Determine the Corresponding Increase in Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress
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Chronic Polymicrobial Infectious Melanonychia Striata.

Kitty Y Wu1, Gina A Suh2, Alexander Y Shin1

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Infection from plant material caused a rare case of melanonychia striata in a thumb. Prompt diagnosis and surgical removal of the nail plate led to complete resolution of the dark streak.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Melanonychia striata, a common condition, typically presents as longitudinal pigmented bands on nails.
  • While often benign, it can rarely indicate subungual melanoma, necessitating careful differential diagnosis.
  • Infectious causes of melanonychia are infrequently reported in medical literature.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old male patient presented with a decade-long history of isolated melanonychia striata affecting his dominant thumb.
  • Surgical biopsy excluded subungual melanoma but identified foreign plant material.
  • Microbiological analysis revealed multiple pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida species, responsible for chronic infectious melanonychia.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent surgical removal of the affected nail plate and extensive debridement of the subungual area.
  • Post-procedure, the melanonychial streak showed complete resolution.
  • Follow-up at 12 months confirmed the absence of the nail discoloration and any signs of recurrence.

Implications:

  • This case highlights bacterial and fungal infections as a rare but significant etiology of melanonychia striata.
  • It underscores the importance of obtaining intraoperative cultures for fungal and bacterial pathogens in diagnosing melanonychia.
  • Accurate microbiological diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and resolution of infectious melanonychia, differentiating it from melanoma.