Non-quantum chiral structure in a free-running VCSEL

We report on the occurrence of a non-quantum chiral structure in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a small misalignment between birefringence and dichroism. Through high-resolution phase diagrams, we show how oscillations evolve in parameter space for different values of the misalignment. Unlike a previously reported non-quantum chiral dynamic system involving closed rings in parameter space, this work manifests another case, i.e., the chiral structure exists in some open parameter spaces. Furthermore, the possible underlying physical mechanism of the emergence of the structures is offered through bifurcation analysis.