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High-performance long-distance discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution.

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    This study demonstrates high-rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 80-km fiber using a small constellation. Digital signal processing effectively suppressed noise, enabling practical long-distance quantum communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communication

    Background:

    • Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is crucial for secure communication.
    • Achieving high secret key rates over long distances in standard fiber remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a high-rate, discretely modulated CV-QKD system.
    • To investigate the feasibility of using small constellation sizes for enhanced performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental demonstration of CV-QKD using a 2.5 Gbaud, 16-symbol, two-ring constellation.
    • Implementation of advanced digital signal processing algorithms to mitigate system noise.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved secret key rates of 49.02 Mbits/s (25 km), 11.86 Mbits/s (50 km), and 2.11 Mbits/s (80 km).
    • Performance reached 66.5–70.0% of Gaussian-modulated protocols, demonstrating efficiency.
    • Successful suppression of excess noise through digital signal processing.

    Conclusions:

    • A high-performance, long-distance CV-QKD system is feasible with a small constellation size.
    • Discretely modulated CV-QKD offers a practical approach for secure optical communication networks.